System Development Life Cycle

 

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a systematic process or methodology used in software development and information system design. It provides a structured sequence of phases that guide the development process. The primary objective of SDLC is to deliver high-quality systems that meet or exceed customer expectations, within time and budget constraints.

Phases of SDLC:

  1. Planning:

    • Objectives: Define the scope, purpose, and goals of the project.
    • Activities: Conduct feasibility studies, define project schedules, and establish the project team.

  2. Feasibility Study:

    • Objectives: Assess the technical, operational, and economic feasibility of the project.
    • Activities: Identify and analyze potential solutions, assess risks, and determine the most feasible option.

  3. System Design:

    • Objectives: Develop a detailed system design based on the requirements.
    • Activities: Create data models, architectural diagrams, user interface designs, and define system specifications.

  4. Implementation:

    • Objectives: Translate design specifications into a working system.
    • Activities: Write code, develop databases, install and configure software, and conduct unit testing.

  5. Testing:

    • Objectives: Verify that the system works as intended and meets the specified requirements.
    • Activities: Conduct various levels of testing (unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing) to identify and fix defects.

  6. Deployment:

    • Objectives: Introduce the system into the production environment.
    • Activities: Plan and execute deployment, train end-users, and monitor system performance.

  7. Maintenance and Support:

    • Objectives: Ensure the system remains operational and effective over time.
    • Activities: Address issues, make updates, and provide ongoing support as needed.

Key Principles:

  1. Iterative Development:

    • SDLC is often iterative, allowing for feedback loops and improvements at each stage.

  2. Document at Each Stage:

    • Comprehensive documentation is crucial at every phase to enhance communication and future maintenance.

  3. User Involvement:

    • Engage users throughout the process to ensure the system meets their needs and expectations.

  4. Testing Throughout:

    • Testing is not just a single phase; it occurs continuously throughout the development process.

  5. Change Management:

    • Manage changes systematically to prevent scope creep and maintain project control.

Models of SDLC:

  1. Waterfall Model:

    • Linear and sequential, with each phase dependent on the deliverables of the previous one.

  2. Iterative Model:

    • Development is carried out in smaller cycles or iterations, allowing for feedback and improvements.

  3. Agile Model:

    • Emphasizes flexibility and collaboration, with frequent reassessment and adaptation of plans.

  4. Spiral Model:

    • Combines elements of both waterfall and iterative models, incorporating risk analysis and management.

The choice of SDLC model depends on factors such as project size, complexity, and client requirements.

Remember that the SDLC is a flexible framework, and variations can be adopted based on specific project needs. Regular review and adaptation are key to successful system development.

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