Dynamic memory allocation in programming refers to the ability to allocate memory for variables or data structures during the runtime of a program. Unlike static memory allocation, where memory is assigned at compile time, dynamic memory allocation allows the program to request and release memory as needed while the program is running. In languages like C, C++, and similar low-level languages, dynamic memory allocation is often performed using functions provided by the standard library, such as malloc, calloc, realloc, and free in the <stdlib.h> header. Here's an overview of these functions with examples: malloc (Memory Allocation): Stands for "memory allocation." Allocates a specified number of bytes of memory. Returns a pointer to the first byte of the allocated memory. #include <stdlib.h> main() { int *arr; int size = 5; arr = (int*)malloc(size * sizeof(int)); if (arr == NULL) { // Memory allocation failed printf("Memory allocation failed.\n...
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